debuginfo: Memoize object symbol lookup (#58851)
Supersedes https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/pull/58355. Resolves
https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/58326.
On this PR:
```julia
julia> @btime lgamma(2.0)
┌ Warning: `lgamma(x::Real)` is deprecated, use `(logabsgamma(x))[1]` instead.
│ caller = var"##core#283"() at execution.jl:598
└ @ Core ~/.julia/packages/BenchmarkTools/1i1mY/src/execution.jl:598
47.730 μs (105 allocations: 13.24 KiB)
```
On `nightly`:
```julia
julia> @btime lgamma(2.0)
┌ Warning: `lgamma(x::Real)` is deprecated, use `(logabsgamma(x))[1]` instead.
│ caller = var"##core#283"() at execution.jl:598
└ @ Core ~/.julia/packages/BenchmarkTools/1i1mY/src/execution.jl:598
26.856 ms (89 allocations: 11.32 KiB)
```
