make sure `jl_exit_threaded_region` executed when `threading_run` finished or be interrupted (#60822)
resolve https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/60797
Co-authored-by: songjhaha <songjh96@foxmali.com>
Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Chengyu Han <git@wo-class.cn>
(cherry picked from commit d8994dc15ca8f00cfef09e1a9890e268cde5ba2e)