build: Compress debug sections of bundled libraries on install (#63687)
Bundled third-party libraries, such as libstdc++ and libgfortran from
CompilerSupportLibraries, ship with uncompressed debug info that #63640
does not reach, since it only applies to libraries Julia links itself.
`make install` now compresses them with `COMPRESS_DEBUG_SECTIONS`. On
the x86_64 nightly this shrinks `lib/julia` by 21 MiB with zlib. The
system image is skipped, since symbolizing any frame in it would
decompress all of its debug info.
The first time a frame in one of these libraries is symbolized, its
debug info is decompressed and kept for the session: 17 MiB and 46 ms
for libstdc++, 8 MiB for libgfortran. Ordinary Julia backtraces don't
contain such frames, so this mostly affects profiles that include C
frames and crash backtraces.