Add CROSS_BOOTSTRAP_JULIA option for building the sysimg with another Julia (#59033)
Adds makefile variables called `CROSS_BOOTSTRAP_JULIA` and
`CROSS_BOOTSTRAP_SYSBASE` that control the Julia executable and `sysbase.so`
used to build `sys.so`. This is really useful for building a
ThreadSanitizer-enabled version of Julia in a reasonable amount of time. It is
used like this:
```
make O=bootstrap julia-src-release julia-sysbase-release
make CROSS_BOOTSTRAP_JULIA=bootstrap/usr/bin/julia CROSS_BOOTSTRAP_SYSBASE=bootstrap/usr/lib/julia/sysbase.so julia-src-release julia-sysimg-release
```
This also adds a faster way to create a debug build of Julia (documented in the
devdocs).