bindings: implement latestworld retry for PARTITION_KIND_GUARD bindings
Add world counter retry mechanism to allow functions from older world
ages to access bindings defined in newer worlds when encountering guard
partitions. This better matches old v1.11 and before semantics, avoiding
breakage and confusion.
Key changes:
- Modified jl_get_binding_value_in_world, jl_get_binding_value_seqcst,
jl_get_binding_value_depwarn, and jl_boundp to retry with current
world counter when kind == PARTITION_KIND_GUARD
- Added pure callback check to disable retry when in_pure_callback is true
- Removed all PARTITION_KIND_BACKDATED_CONST code and references
- Added tests for newly defined bindings and isdefined checks
This enables dynamic binding resolution when the lookup would otherwise
have failed.
🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>