fix swallowing internal errors in precompilepkgs (#55432)
Testing:
- with a package error
```
(SimpleLooper) pkg> precompile
Precompiling all packages...
✗ SimpleLooper
0 dependencies successfully precompiled in 2 seconds
ERROR: The following 1 direct dependency failed to precompile:
SimpleLooper
Failed to precompile SimpleLooper [ff33fe5b-d8e3-4cbd-8bd9-3d2408ff8cab] to "/Users/ian/.julia/compiled/v1.12/SimpleLooper/jl_PQArnH".
ERROR: LoadError:
Stacktrace:
[1] error()
@ Base ./error.jl:53
```
- with interrupt
```
(SimpleLooper) pkg> precompile
Precompiling all packages...
^C Interrupted: Exiting precompilation...
◒ SimpleLooper
1 dependency had output during precompilation:
┌ SimpleLooper
│ [57879] signal 2: Interrupt: 2
│ in expression starting at /Users/ian/Documents/GitHub/SimpleLooper.jl/src/SimpleLooper.jl:2
└
```
- an internal error simulated in the same scope that
https://github.com/JuliaLang/Pkg.jl/issues/3984 was failing to throw
from
```
JULIA stdlib/release.image
Unhandled Task ERROR:
Stacktrace:
[1] error()
@ Base ./error.jl:53
[2] (::Base.Precompilation.var"#27#65"{Bool, Bool, Vector{Task},
Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}, String},
Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}, String}, Base.Event,
Base.Event, ReentrantLock, Vector{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd,
Base.CacheFlags}}}, Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}},
String}, Vector{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}}, Int64,
Vector{Base.PkgId}, Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}},
Bool}, Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}, Base.Event},
Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}, Bool},
Vector{Base.PkgId}, Dict{Base.PkgId, String}, Dict{Tuple{Base.PkgId,
UInt128, String, String}, Bool},
Base.Precompilation.var"#color_string#38"{Bool}, Bool, Base.Semaphore,
Bool, String, Vector{String}, Vector{Base.PkgId}, Base.PkgId,
Base.CacheFlags, Cmd, Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}, Tuple{Base.PkgId,
Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}}})()
@ Base.Precompilation ./precompilation.jl:819
```
