wip: inference: implement numeric interval analysis
This commit is an attempt to make the inference reason about numeric
intervals. One of its goals is to fold out the following kind of case:
```julia
julia> code_typed((Int32,)) do x
# we know this condition never holds because `x::Int32`
if x == typemax(Int)
return nothing
end
return 0
end
1-element Vector{Any}:
CodeInfo(
1 ─ nothing::Nothing
└── return 0
) => Int64
```
It would eventually allow us to eliminate unnecessary branches and prove
the `:nothrow`-ness of `::UInt32 >> ::Int32` for example
(thus fixing #47835).
There are many possible improvements, such as proving that we will never
reach the `return nothing` case in the following example (i.e. by
integrating with `Conditional`-lattice):
```julia
julia> code_typed((Int,)) do x
if x < 3
if x > 5
return nothing
end
end
0
end
```
This may come with some compilation performance cost.
We should run the benchmark and try to minimize latency cost.
