cache the `find_all_in_cache_path` call during parallel precompilation (#56369)
Before (in an environment with DifferentialEquations.jl):
```julia
julia> @time Pkg.precompile()
0.733576 seconds (3.44 M allocations: 283.676 MiB, 6.24% gc time)
julia> isfile_calls[1:10]
10-element Vector{Pair{String, Int64}}:
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Printf/3FQLY_zHycD.ji" => 178
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Printf/3FQLY_xxrt3.ji" => 178
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Dates/p8See_xxrt3.ji" => 158
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Dates/p8See_zHycD.ji" => 158
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/TOML/mjrwE_zHycD.ji" => 155
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/TOML/mjrwE_xxrt3.ji" => 155
"/home/kc/.julia/compiled/v1.12/Preferences/pWSk8_4Qv86.ji" => 152
"/home/kc/.julia/compiled/v1.12/Preferences/pWSk8_juhqb.ji" => 152
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/StyledStrings/UcVoM_zHycD.ji" => 144
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/StyledStrings/UcVoM_xxrt3.ji" => 144
```
After:
```julia
julia> @time Pkg.precompile()
0.460077 seconds (877.59 k allocations: 108.075 MiB, 4.77% gc time)
julia> isfile_calls[1:10]
10-element Vector{Pair{String, Int64}}:
"/tmp/jl_a5xFWK/Project.toml" => 15
"/tmp/jl_a5xFWK/Manifest.toml" => 7
"/home/kc/.julia/registries/General.toml" => 6
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Markdown/src/Markdown.jl"
=> 3
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Serialization/src/Serialization.jl"
=> 3
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Distributed/src/Distributed.jl"
=> 3
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/UUIDs/src/UUIDs.jl"
=> 3
"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LibCURL/src/LibCURL.jl"
=> 3
```
Performance is improved and we are not calling `isfile` on a bunch of the same ji files hundreds times.
Benchmark is made on a linux machine so performance diff should be a lot better on Windows where these `isfile_casesensitive` call is much more expensive.
Fixes https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/56366
---------
Co-authored-by: KristofferC <kristoffer.carlsson@juliacomputing.com>
Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9850a3881221a57a382e98c9b9ae2bf97ac3966d)