Markdown: restore the code face on rendered code blocks
Terminal rendering of a `julia` code block relied on syntax highlighting
alone to style its contents. Since the highlighting scheme was made
conservative, tokens such as a bare identifier receive no styling of
their own, so a code block holding only a signature line rendered as
plain text. Paint the code face over the whole block again and layer
highlighting on top of it, as the 1.12 release branch already does.
Fixes #61456
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>