bpart: Fix a hang in a particular corner case (#58271)
The `jl_get_binding_partition_with_hint` version of the bpart lookup did
not properly set the `max_world` of the gap, leaving it at `~(size_t)0`.
Having a `gap` with that `max_world`, but with `gap.replace` set is
inconsistent and ended up causing an integer overflow downstream in the
computation of `expected_prev_min_world`, which looked like a concurrent
modification causing an infinite retry. Fixes #58257
