Refactor Jax FFI lowering to prepare for implementing CPU/GPU callbacks using XLA's FFI.
- This refactor just moves code around and should have no impact on tests or public-facing APIs.
- `mlir.emit_python_callback` would eventually depend on `ffi.ffi_lowering`, which in turn depends on definitions in `mlir.py`. We break this circular dependency.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 729561359