[Mosaic GPU] Correctly propagate `approx=True` to `FragmentedArray.ex2` in `FragmentedArray.exp(approx=True)`.
Harden the math tests a little in order to help avoid this kind of issues in
the future. Note that the added test wouldn't have caught this issue exactly;
it is hard to write a reliable test without pattern-matching the IR too
closely.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 934522639