[Mosaic GPU] Fix bugs in `transform_type` implementation.
The permutation logic was inverted, and we were missing a divisor in the
computation of strides. This was not caught earlier, because other tests focus
on tiling up to 2 dimensions.
A map permuting 2 dimensions is always its own inverse---making the permutation
logic coincidentally correct.
Similarly, since the loop computing the strides between the indices of the
tiles runs `len(tiling) - 1 = 1` times, and the missing divisor is `1` in this
case, the result is also coincidentally correct.
We now add property-based tests in order to ensure the correctness of the
implementation.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 868620175
