GH-41035: [C++] Add a grouper benchmark for preventing performance regression (#41036)
### Rationale for this change
Add a grouper benchmark for preventing performance regression .
https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/40998#issuecomment-2039204161.
### What changes are included in this PR?
Added a benchmark.
### Are these changes tested?
Needn't.
### Are there any user-facing changes?
No
* GitHub Issue: #41035
Authored-by: ZhangHuiGui <hugo.zhang@openpie.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>