[red-knot] improve type shrinking coverage in red-knot property tests (#15297)
## Summary
While looking at #14899, I looked at seeing if I could get shrinking on
the examples. It turned out to be straightforward, with a couple of
caveats.
I'm calling `clone` a lot during shrinking. Since by the shrink step
we're already looking at a test failure this feels fine? Unless I
misunderstood `quickcheck`'s core loop
When shrinking `Intersection`s, in order to just rely on `quickcheck`'s
`Vec` shrinking without thinking about it too much, the shrinking
strategy is:
- try to shrink the negative side (keeping the positive side the same)
- try to shrink the positive side (keeping the negative side the same)
This means that you can't shrink from `(A & B & ~C & ~D)` directly to
`(A & ~C)`! You would first need an intermediate failure at `(A & B &
~C)` or `(A & ~C & ~D)`. This feels good enough. Shrinking the negative
side first also has the benefit of trying to strip down negative
elements in these intersections.
## Test Plan
`cargo test -p red_knot_python_semantic -- --ignored
types::property_tests::stable` still fails as it current does on `main`,
but now the errors seem more minimal.