ruff_python_formatter: add docstring-code-line-width internal setting (#9055)
## Summary
This does the light plumbing necessary to add a new internal option that
permits setting the line width of code examples in docstrings. The plan
is to add the corresponding user facing knob in #8854.
Note that this effectively removes the `same-as-global` configuration
style discussed [in this
comment](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/8855#issuecomment-1847230440).
It replaces it with the `{integer}` configuration style only.
There are a lot of commits here, but they are each tiny to make review
easier because of the changes to snapshots.
## Test Plan
I added a new docstring test configuration that sets
`docstring-code-line-width = 60` and examined the differences.