[ty] Fix instance-attribute lookup in methods of protocol classes (#24213)
## Summary
Our existing `@Todo` type for the meta-type of protocols was being
applied too broadly. The intent was only ever to use a `@Todo` type for
`type[P]` when a user had actually written such an annotation in an
annotation expression. This PR makes the situations where we infer this
`@Todo` type much narrower, reflecting the original intent and allowing
us to fix a bunch of TODOs in our test suite.
## Test Plan
mdtests updated