[red-knot] Fix merged type after if-else without explicit else branch (#14621)
## Summary
Closes: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/14593
The final type of a variable after if-statement without explicit else
branch should be similar to having an explicit else branch.
## Test Plan
Originally failed test cases from the bug are added.
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Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@astral.sh>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>