Catch panics in formatter (#7377)
## Summary
This PR ensures that we catch and render panics in the formatter
identically to other kinds of errors. It also improves the consistency
in error rendering throughout and makes a few stylistic changes to the
messages.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/7247.
## Test Plan
I created a file `foo.py` with a syntax error, and a file `bar.py` with
an intentional panic.
<img width="1624" alt="Screen Shot 2023-09-13 at 10 25 22 PM"
src="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/assets/1309177/605c2839-ad02-4376-a2e9-d5a593ab660f">
<img width="1624" alt="Screen Shot 2023-09-13 at 10 25 24 PM"
src="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/assets/1309177/b1381909-157c-48cb-9630-d0bbfcb1b640">
