[ty] Add mdtest for dataclass_transform field_descriptors compatibility (#23303)
## Summary
This feature is currently only tested via an "externals" mdtest (the
SQLModel one). I broke it in some other work and didn't find out until
CI, since externals tests don't run by default.
I think externals tests are very useful end-to-end validation, but
ideally we should have specific feature coverage in non-externals
mdtests, which are easier to understand and debug when they fail.
## Test Plan
Test-only addition.