Preserve triple quotes and prefixes for strings (#15818)
## Summary
This is a follow-up to #15726, #15778, and #15794 to preserve the triple
quote and prefix flags in plain strings, bytestrings, and f-strings.
I also added a `StringLiteralFlags::without_triple_quotes` method to
avoid passing along triple quotes in rules like SIM905 where it might
not make sense, as discussed
[here](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15726#discussion_r1930532426).
## Test Plan
Existing tests, plus many new cases in the `generator::tests::quote`
test that should cover all combinations of quotes and prefixes, at least
for simple string bodies.
Closes #7799 when combined with #15694, #15726, #15778, and #15794.
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Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
