[ty] Infer `LiteralString` for `f"{literal_str_a} {literal_str_b}"` (#23346)
## Summary
* The first commit modernizes the `LiteralString` test suite.
* The second commit adds more precise type inference for
`f"{literal_str_a} {literal_str_b}"` to make a conformance test pass.
## Test Plan
Updated and new Markdown tests