[pylint] Implement misplaced-bare-raise (E0704) (#7961)
## Summary
### What it does
This rule triggers an error when a bare raise statement is not in an
except or finally block.
### Why is this bad?
If raise statement is not in an except or finally block, there is no
active exception to
re-raise, so it will fail with a `RuntimeError` exception.
### Example
```python
def validate_positive(x):
if x <= 0:
raise
```
Use instead:
```python
def validate_positive(x):
if x <= 0:
raise ValueError(f"{x} is not positive")
```
## Test Plan
Added unit test and snapshot.
Manually compared ruff and pylint outputs on pylint's tests.
## References
- [pylint
documentation](https://pylint.pycqa.org/en/stable/user_guide/messages/error/misplaced-bare-raise.html)
- [pylint
implementation](https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint/blob/main/pylint/checkers/exceptions.py#L339)
