[red-knot] Add property tests for callable types (#17006)
## Summary
Part of #15382, this PR adds property tests for callable types.
Specifically, this PR updates the property tests to generate an
arbitrary signature for a general callable type which includes:
* Arbitrary combination of parameter kinds in the correct order
* Arbitrary number of parameters
* Arbitrary optional types for annotation and return type
* Arbitrary parameter names (no duplicate names), optional for
positional-only parameters
## Test Plan
```
QUICKCHECK_TESTS=100000 cargo test -p red_knot_python_semantic -- --ignored types::property_tests::stable
```
Also, the commands in CI:
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/d72b4100a33ccb35047f86e900bede6310c7c119/.github/workflows/daily_property_tests.yaml#L47-L52
