Fix bug where selection included deprecated rules during preview (#9746)
Cherry-picked from https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9714 which is
being abandoned for now because we need to invest more into our
redirection infrastructure before it is feasible.
Fixes a bug in the implementation where we improperly included
deprecated rules in `RuleSelector.rules()` when preview is on. Includes
some clean-up of error messages and the implementation.
# Conflicts:
# crates/ruff/tests/integration_test.rs