[ty] Avoid relation queries during cycle recovery (#26335)
## Summary
Union construction during Salsa cycle recovery already skips the final
full-reduction block, but literal insertion and grouped-literal
reduction could still ask semantic type-relation questions. Comparing a
literal with a runtime-checkable protocol instance could therefore
resolve protocol members, re-enter the expression inference query being
recovered, and panic with a new Salsa cycle.
This skips relation-based simplification throughout cycle-recovery union
construction. The regression coverage reproduces the Python 3.14 crash
and separately protects widening for integer, string, bytes, and enum
literals.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/3851.
