Update pubgrub for faster range operations (#2421)
This update pulls in https://github.com/pubgrub-rs/pubgrub/pull/177,
optimizing common range operations in pubgrub. Please refer to this PR
for a more extensive description and discussion of the changes.
The changes optimize that last remaining pathological case,
`bio_embeddings[all]` on python 3.12, which has to try 100k versions,
from 12s to 3s in the cached case. It should also enable smarter
prefetching in batches (https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/170),
even though a naive attempt didn't show better network usage.
**before** 12s
**after** 3s
```
$ taskset -c 0 hyperfine --warmup 1 "../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in" "../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in"
Benchmark 1: ../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
Time (mean ± σ): 12.321 s ± 0.064 s [User: 12.014 s, System: 0.300 s]
Range (min … max): 12.224 s … 12.406 s 10 runs
Benchmark 2: ../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
Time (mean ± σ): 3.109 s ± 0.004 s [User: 2.782 s, System: 0.321 s]
Range (min … max): 3.103 s … 3.116 s 10 runs
Summary
../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in ran
3.96 ± 0.02 times faster than ../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
```
It also adds `bio_embeddings[all]` as a requirements test case.
