windows ci: Run `cargo clippy` in the dev drive workspace to reuse the cache (#9411)
## Summary
In the Windows Clippy job, the workspace is transferred to
`UV_WORKSPACE`. However, `cargo clippy` continues to execute in the
`github.workspace`, and `Swatinem/rust-cache` only caches the
`UV_WORKSPACE/target`, resulting in `cargo clippy` having no cache.
This adjustment will take effect when any changes are made to
`Cargo.toml` or `Cargo.lock`, prompting `Swatinem/rust-cache` to updat
the cache.