Support environment variables in index URLs in requirements files (#2036)
## Summary
This also preserves the environment variables in the output file, e.g.:
```
Resolved 1 package in 216ms
# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
# uv pip compile requirements.in --emit-index-url
--index-url https://test.pypi.org/${SUFFIX}
requests==2.5.4.1
```
I'm torn on whether that's correct or undesirable here.
Closes #2035.