Add a layer of indirection to the local path-based wheel cache (#2909)
## Summary
Right now, the path-based wheel cache just looks at the symlink to the
archives directory, checks the timestamp on it, and continues with that
symlink as long as the timestamp is up-to-date.
The HTTP-based wheel meanwhile, uses an intermediary `.http` file, which
includes the HTTP caching information. The `.http` file's payload is
just a path pointing to an entry in the archives directory.
This PR modifies the path-based codepaths to use a similar cache file,
which stores a timestamp along with a path to the archives directory.
The main advantage here is that we can add other data to this cache file
(namely, hashes in the future).
## Test Plan
Beyond existing tests, I also verified that this doesn't require a
version bump:
```
git checkout main
cargo run pip install ~/Downloads/zeal-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl --cache-dir baz --reinstall
git checkout charlie/manifest
cargo run pip install ~/Downloads/zeal-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl --cache-dir baz --reinstall
cargo run pip install ~/Downloads/zeal-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl --cache-dir baz --reinstall --refresh
```