Collapse redundant dependency clauses enumerating available versions (#6160)
In https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/5046, we show the tautological
proof:
```
╰─▶ Because colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20 and only the following versions of jax are available:
jax<=0.4.20
jax==0.4.21
jax==0.4.22
jax==0.4.23
jax==0.4.24
jax==0.4.25
jax==0.4.26
jax==0.4.27
jax==0.4.28
jax==0.4.29
jax==0.4.30
jax==0.4.31
we can conclude that colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20.
And because jax>=0.4.20 depends on numpy>=1.26.0, we can conclude that colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on numpy>=1.26.0.
(1)
```
This is a part of the error tree because the statement
`colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20` is actually a
simplification of `colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on
jax>=0.4.20,<0.5.0` and the no versions clause is a proof of that
simplification.
Without simplification, the clause looks like:
```
╰─▶ Because colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20,<0.5.0 and only the following versions of jax are available:
jax<=0.4.20
jax==0.4.21
jax==0.4.22
jax==0.4.23
jax==0.4.24
jax==0.4.25
jax==0.4.26
jax==0.4.27
jax==0.4.28
jax==0.4.29
jax==0.4.30
jax==0.4.31
we can conclude that colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on one of:
jax==0.4.20
jax==0.4.21
jax==0.4.22
jax==0.4.23
jax==0.4.24
jax==0.4.25
jax==0.4.26
jax==0.4.27
jax==0.4.28
jax==0.4.29
jax==0.4.30
jax==0.4.31
And because jax>=0.4.20 depends on numpy>=1.26.0, we can conclude that colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on numpy>=1.26.0.
```
I don't think we have a great way to avoid performing the simplification
of the range conditionally and it makes the error simpler to just jump
straight to `colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20`.
The derivation for this clause looks like:
```
jax==0.4.20 | ==0.4.21 | ==0.4.22 | ==0.4.23 | ==0.4.24 | ==0.4.25 | ==0.4.26 | ==0.4.27 | ==0.4.28 | ==0.4.29 | ==0.4.30 | ==0.4.31 depends on numpy>=1.26.0
no versions of jax>0.4.20, <0.4.21 | >0.4.21, <0.4.22 | >0.4.22, <0.4.23 | >0.4.23, <0.4.24 | >0.4.24, <0.4.25 | >0.4.25, <0.4.26 | >0.4.26, <0.4.27 | >0.4.27, <0.4.28 | >0.4.28, <0.4.29 | >0.4.29, <0.4.30 | >0.4.30, <0.4.31 | >0.4.31, <0.5.0
colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20, <0.5.0
```
So it looks like we can take trees of this form and drop the "no
versions" clause _if_ the ranges are compatible[*]. See [this
comment](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/6160#discussion_r1720280922)
for a simpler explanation.
With this pull request, the clause simplifies to
```
╰─▶ Because colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on jax>=0.4.20 and jax>=0.4.20 depends on numpy>=1.26.0,
we can conclude that colabfold[alphafold]==1.5.5 depends on numpy>=1.26.0. (1)
```
Unfortunately, this doesn't change any snapshots in our test suite so
I'm uncertain if the strategy generalizes. In some incorrect iterations
of this logic, the snapshots did reveal my mistakes.
[*] "if the ranges are compatible" includes a bit of hand-waving. I'm
not 100% sure if I've chosen the correct range heuristic here.