perf(ext/node): convert 62 more polyfill files to lazy-loaded scripts (#33835)
Converts 62 additional ext/node polyfill files from ESM to IIFE-wrapped
lazy-loaded scripts (`lazy_loaded_js`), bringing the total to ~77 files.
Converted files include:
- All `internal_binding/*` files without transitive node:* deps
- `internal/assert/*`, `internal/crypto/_randomInt.ts`,
`internal/readline/*`
- `internal/buffer.mjs`, `internal/blocklist.mjs`,
`internal/async_hooks.ts`
- `path/_constants.ts`, `path/_util.ts`, `path/common.ts`,
`path/separator.ts`
- `_process/*`, `_next_tick.ts`, `_zlib_binding.mjs`, and many more
14 files that were initially converted had to be reverted back to ESM
because they transitively depend on modules with `node:*` runtime
imports (IIFEs cannot `import` from ESM modules, and
`core.loadExtScript()` only works for `lazy_loaded_js` files).