fix(docker): add missing libglvnd libraries to Vulkan image (#18664)
Add libglvnd0, libgl1, libglx0, libegl1, libgles2 to the Vulkan
Dockerfile base image. These libraries are required by mesa-vulkan-drivers
to properly initialize the Vulkan ICD and detect GPU devices.
Without these libraries, vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices() returns an empty
list, resulting in "ggml_vulkan: No devices found." error.
Fixes #17761