[libclc] Drop CL_3_0_EXTENSIONS override; fix NVPTX image features (#21119)
NFC for libclc and libspirv.
Remove the unconditional OpenCL 3.0 extension override from libclc. They
should be enabled per-target, not globally.
When enabling cl_khr_3d_image_writes, NVPTX should also enable dependent
__opencl_c_3d_image_writes and __opencl_c_images. cl_khr_3d_image_writes
and __opencl_c_3d_image_writes can't have different values. Fix locally
since upstream PR https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/143331 is
pending.