[NFCI][SYCL] Change `get_device_info_impl` to operate on `device_impl` (#18125)
Previously, it used `DeviceImplPtr` (`std::shared_ptr<device_impl>`) but
that isn't necessary and was preventing a future change to initialzie
device aspects when creating `device_impl` object.
Also, searching for a correct `std::shared_ptr` via
`getOrMakeDeviceImpl` (e.g., in `device_impl::get_info`) is just
wasteful.