feat(category_theory/limits): strong epimorphisms and strong epi-mono factorizations (#2433)
This PR contains the changes I mentioned in #2374. It contains:
* the definition of a lift of a commutative square
* the definition of a strong epimorphism
* a proof that every regular epimorphism is strong
* the definition of a strong epi-mono factorization
* the class `has_strong_epi_images`
* the construction `has_strong_epi_images` -> `has_image_maps`
* a small number of changes which should have been part of #2423