chore(analysis/inner_product_space/basic): golf the proof of Cauchy-Schwarz (#18938)
## API changes
- Add `inner_product_space.to_core`.
- Make `inner_product_space.core` extend `has_inner`.
- Rename namespace from `inner_product_space.of_core` to `inner_product_space.core`.
- Rename `inner_product_space.of_core.inner_norm_sq_eq_inner_self` to
`inner_product_space.core.coe_norm_sq_eq_inner_self`.
- Add `inner_product_space.core.norm_inner_symm`.
- Add `inner_product_space.core.cauchy_schwarz_aux`, use it to golf
the proof of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and its versions.
- Use norm instead of `is_R_or_C.abs` here and there, the rest will
migrate in #18919.
- Rename `inner_product_space.of_core.abs_inner_le_norm` to
`inner_product_space.core.norm_inner_le_norm`, use norm.
- Add `norm_inner_eq_norm_tfae` and `inner_eq_norm_mul_iff_div`.
- Rename `abs_inner_div_norm_mul_norm_eq_one_iff` to
`norm_inner_div_norm_mul_norm_eq_one_iff`, use norm.
- Rename `inner_eq_norm_mul_iff_of_norm_one` to
`inner_eq_one_iff_of_norm_one`.
Co-authored-by: Johan Commelin <johan@commelin.net>