feat(analysis/calculus/cont_diff): Prove that `fderiv_within` is `C^n` for functions with parameters (#16946)
* Prove that `fderiv_within` is `C^n` (at a point within a set) for a function with parameters
* There are some inconvenient side-conditions needed for the lemmas, feel free to recommend improvements
* `set.diag_image` is not used, but a (useful) left-over used before a refactor.
* This is useful for lemmas about `mfderiv` and the smooth vector bundle refactor
* From the sphere eversion project