feat(algebra/hom/centroid): Introduce the centroid of a (non-unital, non-associative) semiring (#12746)
Define the centroid of a (non-unital, non-associative) semiring and shows that it forms a semiring. The centroid of a (non-unital, non-associative) ring is a ring.
When the ring is prime, the centroid is commutative.
Co-authored-by: Yaƫl Dillies <yael.dillies@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Christopher Hoskin <christopher.hoskin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Christopher Hoskin <mans0954@users.noreply.github.com>