feat(topology/instances/real): a continuous periodic function has compact range (and is hence bounded) (#7968)
A few more facts about periodic functions, namely:
- If a function `f` is `periodic` with positive period `p`,
then for all `x` there exists `y` such that `y` is an element of `[0, p)` and `f x = f y`
- A continuous, periodic function has compact range
- A continuous, periodic function is bounded