feat(data/{nat,int,rat}/cast, algebra/star/basic): lemmas about `star` on casts (#12418)
This also includes lemmas about `mul_opposite` on casts which are used to prove the star lemmas. The new lemmas are:
* `star_nat_cast`
* `star_int_cast`
* `star_rat_cast`
* `op_nat_cast`
* `op_int_cast`
* `op_rat_cast`
* `unop_nat_cast`
* `unop_int_cast`
* `unop_rat_cast`