feat(analysis/inner_product_space/pi_L2): `linear_isometry.extend` (#12192)
Let `S` be a subspace of a finite-dimensional inner product
space `V`. A linear isometry mapping `S` into `V` can be extended to a
full isometry of `V`. Note that this is false if we remove the
finite-dimensional hypothesis; consider the shift operator
(0, x_2, x_3, ...) to (x_2, x_3, x_4, ...).
I hope that the naming choice is consistent. Combining the two
`simp only` blocks in `linear_isometry.extend_apply` results in a
timeout, but they seem to work okay split up.
Co-authored-by: Daniel Packer
Co-authored-by: Daniel Packer <62404584+Daniel-Packer@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hans Parshall <hparshall@users.noreply.github.com>