feat(linear_algebra): add `adjoint_pair` from `bilinear_form` (#13203)
Copying the definition and theorem about adjoint pairs from `bilinear_form` to `sesquilinear_form`.
Defines the composition of two linear maps with a bilinear map to form a new bilinear map, which was missing from the `bilinear_map` API.
We also use the new definition of adjoint pairs in `analysis/inner_product_space/adjoint`.