feat(algebra/star/self_adjoint): add and generalize trivial lemmas (#18558)
This:
* Generalizes `is_self_adjoint.smul`, which makes it easier to show that `0.5 • x` is self-adjoint when `x` is, even if `0.5` is a complex number.
* Generalizes `is_self_adjoint.add` to match `matrix.is_hermitian.add` (for a later refactor), along with many other lemmas.
* Removes re-proofs of `star_nat_cast` and `star_int_cast`.
The first is motivated by showing that `exp K m` for some matrix `m` is positive definite if `is_self_adjoint m`.
Forward-ported at https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/pull/2719.