feat(category_theory/sites/*): Cover-lifting functors on sites (#9431)
This PR defines cover-liftings functors between sites, and proves that `Ran F.op` maps sheaves to sheaves for cover-lifting functors `F`.
This will probably be needed when we want to glue B-sheaves into sheaves.
Co-authored-by: erdOne <36414270+erdOne@users.noreply.github.com>