feat(data/polynomial/derivative): reduce assumptions (#14338)
The only changes here are to relax typeclass assumptions.
Specifically these changes relax `comm_semiring` to `semiring` in:
* polynomial.derivative_eval
* polynomial.derivative_map
* polynomial.iterate_derivative_map
* polynomial.iterate_derivative_cast_nat_mul
and relax `ring` to `semiring` as well as `char_zero` + `no_zero_divisors` to `no_zero_smul_divisors ℕ` in:
* polynomial.mem_support_derivative
* polynomial.degree_derivative_eq
