chore(linear_algebra/std_basis): move std_basis to a new file (#6020)
linear_algebra/basic is _very_ long. This reduces its length by about 5%.
Authorship of the std_basis stuff seems to come almost entirely from 10a586b1d82098af32e13c8d8448696022132f17.
None of the lemmas have changed, and the variables are kept in exactly the same order as before.