feat(logic/function/embedding): add `function.embedding.option_elim` (#9841)
* add `option.injective_iff`;
* add `function.embedding.option_elim`;
* use it in the proof of `cardinal.add_one_le_succ`;
* add `function.embedding.cardinal_le`, `cardinal.succ_pos`;
* add `@[simp]` to `cardinal.lt_succ`.