feat(linear_algebra/symplectic_group): add definition of symplectic group (#15513)
This PR defines the symplectic group over arbitrary ring (with characteristic not 2)
It also moves the definition of the `symplectic.J` into the new `linear_algebra/symplectic_group` file, and adds a lemma `from_blocks_neg` to `data/matrix/block`.
Co-authored-by: Moritz Doll <moritz.doll@googlemail.com>
Co-authored-by: Moritz Doll <moritz.doll@googlemail.com>