chore(analysis/normed_space/extend): golf, add aux lemmas (#18927)
* Add `linear_map.extend_to_𝕜'_apply_re`,
`linear_map.sq_norm_extend_to_𝕜'_apply`,
`continuous_linear_map.norm_extend_to_𝕜`, and
`continuous_linear_map.norm_extend_to_𝕜'`.
* Rename `norm_bound` to
`continuous_linear_map.norm_extend_to_𝕜'_bound`.
* Golf, use `namespace`s.